戈壁沙漠 莲花初绽
撰文／张泽坤 Written by Alan
“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆”。背依苍茫大漠，坐落鄂尔多斯，响沙湾莲花酒店的选址充满着大漠黄沙的传奇色彩：沙丘高大，连绵不绝，沙坡险峻陡峭，形成一个巨大的沙山回音壁，当天晴无雨，刮起烈风时，戈壁间就会发出轰隆的沙鸣声音，单靠这个神秘莫测的奇景，每年已然吸引中外游客纷至沓来。
由PLAT ASIA团队全程设计的响沙湾莲花酒店，经过十年的规划建造，无数次的探索，于2016年成功开业，是全球首个不用砖、瓦、沙、石、水泥、钢筋而建的绿色建筑。
在设计上，莲花酒店的创新性在于，其外墙大胆使用金属板，将建筑固定在流动的沙地中，然后在沙石表面放置一块大筏板，并以此为基础逐渐完善上层建筑，犹如浮在沙漠中的小船，承载着一切居住功能。此外，内外墙体均采用了订制的轻钢龙骨体系，不仅重量轻，中空的设计亦可分担基座的压力。
“沙漠建筑是迄今为止没人触及到的一个领域。” PLAT ASIA创始人郑东贤表示，为将莲花酒店打造出符合鄂尔多斯的特色风貌，设计团队最终锁定‘沙漠度假’这一概念，将沙漠比作大海，建筑则化身为漂浮于大海中的船只。不与沙漠进行对抗，而是选择性的适应。“怎么将偌大的酒店建筑于‘流动’的沙漠上，这是全球性建筑技术难题，我们进行了很多研究和摸索，包括建筑造型、施工技术、节能环保在内的所有可能性，最终以板材作出全新的突破。”
与南方注重“建筑消失于自然中”的哲学不同，北方幅员开阔，特别是沙漠，还具有广袤可吞噬一切的豪迈，因此，PLAT ASIA笔下的建筑，是与自然建立一种平等共生的存在。
响沙湾莲花酒店建筑架构以莲花为型，不仅因其利于固沙的物理特质，更重要的是，展现出建筑本身的力量。而“列阵”理念的运用，亦增加了酒店在沙漠之中的辨识度。即简单的几何造型复制累加，生成更大规模的几何造型。一片片犹如蝉翼的膜结构作为独立的遮阳体系，为夏天带来丝丝凉意。
“沙漠流动如海，需要简单明显的标色，让建筑定位。像灯塔一样，其它附属的建筑、景观等内容就能在此基础上依次展开。”郑东贤表示，“莲花”的造型兼顾固沙、遮光、防风、收集雨水等作用。单纯从形态上来讲，融入了多次重复同一元素的“阵”的理念来增加建筑的力量感，即简单的几何造型复制累加，生成更大规模的几何造型。莲花这种形状从古至今就在中国人的审美意识里扎入了深深的根，而且在干燥、苍茫的沙漠里融入白色莲花这一亮点，更加相得益彰。
“沙漠建筑”的概念应不仅仅讲求构造、施工性，还应考虑到空间。PLAT早在建筑方案开始考虑的时候 ，室内设计与建筑方案构思就同时起步，并将体验沙漠文化与本土文化作为主题。
在内部设计上，团队将沙与特制的胶合剂通过一定的比例调和，风干后经过数次的强度，耐久度与防水性测试，运用沙子塑造酒店“沙漠绿洲”的文化主题，最终形成了大堂和走廊特有的沙质墙面效果。粗犷天然的沙质墙面与格栅式的天花相互呼应，另有骆驼剪影列队其上，凸显了沙漠广袤的唯美，同时也让空间显得更加温和自然。
目前，酒店内部酒店共设383间客房，每个房间都拥有自己的个性，或舒适惬意、或豪华观景。在房间内，材料上极大程度地使用沙漠以及当地材料；现代科技隐形于装饰里，旨在体验沙漠里居住的纯粹；室内与室外空间自然过渡，将沙漠景观带进室内。家具设计、标识系统设计、景观设计、灯光设计也都遵循统一的设计理念，室内家具以藤编和木质为主，巧妙地与外界环境相辉映，营造出一种素雅、淡然、安静的度假氛围。旨在让建筑形体、材料自身的美、室内陈设及人造景观等都与周围的环境达到高度和谐的统一，充满自然气息和艺术魅力。
夕阳西下，厚重的云、无尽的黄沙，入住沙中矗立的莲花酒店，心随长风去，吹散万里云，依沙而憩，揽繁星入梦，远离城市喧嚣，在从容的日子里，连时光流逝都变得缓慢。
A Lotus in the Desert
China's Xiangshawan Resort
China's Xiangshawan Resort
Lotus Hotel is located in Xiangshawan Desert. Due to the restriction by its special geographic condition, PLAT Architects invented a new structural system that fix in fluid sands using only steel panels without the help of concrete or water. The panels and the supporting skeleton structures are pre-fabricated, and make the base of the building a large container for sands. Thus, the steel panel structure can function as a boat floating on desert that carries the building. The sands in and out of the structure exert same forces to each other, and thus it is flexibly stabilized. Also, walls are load-bearing structures in order to reduce the pressure on base.
Moreover, architects use local materials in interior design so that people get full experience of desert in Lotus Hotel. For instance, through a series of experiments, they managed to invent a wall-covering material that is made of sands from local desert.
The form of Lotus Hotel not only blends in the desert, but also exhibits a power of the environment and itself. Architects used the traditional Chinese idea of “Zhen”, which is, in simple words, the art of repeating same elements. Rotation of squares in a same angle creates triangles in the process, and made the form stronger. In consideration of structure, shading and wind, architects integrated function, form and landscape, resulting in a form of lotus.
Lotus Hotel is only a part of Xiangshawan Desert planning. There will be more such as sustainable tourism in desert, and developing more desert architecture. PLAT Architects is targeting for net-zero sustainable architecture that generates electricity and water in its own system enough for supply.
Moreover, architects use local materials in interior design so that people get full experience of desert in Lotus Hotel. For instance, through a series of experiments, they managed to invent a wall-covering material that is made of sands from local desert.
The form of Lotus Hotel not only blends in the desert, but also exhibits a power of the environment and itself. Architects used the traditional Chinese idea of “Zhen”, which is, in simple words, the art of repeating same elements. Rotation of squares in a same angle creates triangles in the process, and made the form stronger. In consideration of structure, shading and wind, architects integrated function, form and landscape, resulting in a form of lotus.
Lotus Hotel is only a part of Xiangshawan Desert planning. There will be more such as sustainable tourism in desert, and developing more desert architecture. PLAT Architects is targeting for net-zero sustainable architecture that generates electricity and water in its own system enough for supply.
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